By Carl Stewart
Parkland Campus Director

“Community.” It’s right there in our name. This is because Assiniboine Community College and its Parkland Campus belong to all of us.

As our region’s sole post-secondary institution, we are more than just programs and courses. More than classrooms and trades shops. We are more even than our valued students, staff and faculty. Assiniboine is the sum of all of these, and still more.

Building community is what we seek to do. Prospective and current students bring their aspirations, creativity and commitment to Assiniboine, as part of their journey to learn new skills and build successful career paths. As graduates, they represent a significant array of skills, education and experience, which they invest back into our region. Assiniboine alumni live, work and stay in Parkland; they grow our businesses and services, and enhance our community for all its residents. And in turn, the Parkland community - its citizens, governments, industry, school boards and service organizations - has embraced Assiniboine and looks to us to deliver education and training which meets the needs of our local labour market.

So when we get the chance to celebrate our community, we want everyone to be involved.

Assiniboine Effect Day, Feb. 6, is our opportunity to gather with our many Parkland friends and partners, and to acknowledge some very special alumni.

Our jam-packed day starts at the DRCSS with hands-on activities for high school students led by our faculty. Our team will be on hand to showcase all the Assiniboine programs offered at Parkland campus, including Business Administration, Social Service Worker, Early Childhood Education, Practical Nursing, Applied Electrical and other trades, Horticultural Production, and more.

After work, Feb. 6, our annual Assiniboine Alumni Awards dinner will recognize three individuals who represent the best of Assiniboine. This year’s recipient of the One to Watch Award is Tyler Antoniuk, who has made exceptional achievements and significant contributions to his profession and community since graduation. Antoniuk graduated from the Business Administration program with an Accounting specialization in 2020, and is currently working with the Province of Manitoba in Workforce Development, Training and Employment. Because of his exceptional work ethic and curiosity, he has already secured two promotions since starting with the province, gaining more responsibility with each role. He consistently exhibits a positive and collaborative attitude inspiring those around him to strive for excellence.

The Excellence in Education Award honours an Assiniboine staff member or retiree for extraordinary contributions to teaching and the student experience. This year, the award goes to two outstanding instructors - Cindy Shroeder and Scott Willing. Shroeder is a valued member of the Early Childhood Education faculty at Assiniboine’s Parkland Campus. Throughout her time at the college, she has demonstrated a deep commitment to teaching and a genuine passion for helping her students succeed, and shows a remarkable level of dedication and professionalism.

Willing’s first experience at Parkland Campus was as a student, graduating from Assiniboine’s pre-employment Construction Electrician program in 2011. He has since returned as an instructor, teaching Applied Electrical Installation at Parkland Campus, in addition to holding contract instructing positions in communities in the region. His dedication to the college and his students extends beyond the classroom. He gives his time to promote trades at Assiniboine in the surrounding communities and to ensure his students are supported.

And there’s no better way to wrap up Assiniboine Effect Day, than having our entire community join us at the Dauphin Kings game, the evening of Feb. 6. Let the CUP box office know you’re with ACC to get $10 tickets.

For more information, or to purchase tickets to our Alumni Awards dinner, at 4:30 p.m., Feb. 6 at the Ukrainian Orthodox Hall (8th Ave. Hall), contact This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. or 204-622-2222.

By Ed Stozek
For the Herald

My parent’s income on their mixed farm stemmed from selling grain, eggs, cream, pork and poultry.

In an era long before universal health care, their medical expenses included fees for appointments to see a doctor or for a hospital stay.

At a time when dollars were hard to come by, I recall one visit for an appointment with Dr. Ed Hudson at the Hamiota Hospital. A ready to roast chicken and several dozen eggs were used as part of the payment for his services. At our next visit Dr. Hudson noted that he enjoyed the farm products.

It’s always interesting to peruse my father’s expense records. My mother had health issues resulting in some major medical expenses. In 1947 several trips were made to Shoal Lake to see a doctor. Along with paying Dr. Bardal for his services, other expenses included fees for x-rays and for prescriptions filled at the local pharmacy.

Since my parents didn’t own a car, they also paid a neighbour to drive them to their appointment. The following year precious income was spent for five medical related trips to Winnipeg.

My contribution to my parent’s medical expenses included $81.15 for Dr. Hudson’s “delivery” fees and for my mother’s hospital stay when I was born. Seven years later the costs associated with getting my tonsils and adenoids out added up to $36. I still recall the awful feeling when ether was administered prior to the operation. Following the procedure, a treat of ice-cream helped to alleviate some of the distress.

As leader of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Party, Tommy Douglas led North America’s first socialist government and served as premier of Saskatchewan between 1944 and 1961. His government initiated the concept of the Hospital Services Plan, the first publicly-funded medical insurance system in Canada.

The road to universal health care began in 1961 when the Saskatchewan provincial government announced a plan to have visits to the doctor paid from taxes rather than having individuals pay out of pocket. Premier Douglas noted that people had a right to medical care whether or not they had the money to pay for it.

Most doctors opposed this idea stating that the government was turning them into civil servants and that it would interfere in their relationship with their patients.

Premier Douglas noted that the only thing that would change was the method of payment with doctors billing the government rather than the patients for the services that they provided.

Initially the doctors had support from the “Keep Our Doctors Out Committee” launching a well-organized campaign against the government with rallies, petitions and advertisements.

On July 1, 1962, most of the province’s doctors went on strike. Loud demonstrations and the potential for violence arose from the bitter division over the government’s proposal.

Families with health problems were very concerned. The government brought in doctors from Britain and encouraged others to come from the USA and other parts of Canada to combat the emergency. Local groups organized medical clinics and hired doctors to attend them. After 23 days the Saskatchewan doctors went back to work.

In 1964, the Royal Commission on Health Services delivered its report to Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson. The commission was established after Saskatchewan’s introduction of “the merits of single-player, universal medical insurance as compared with the alternative of the state providing targeted subsidies for the purchase of private insurance as championed by provincial governments in Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario as well as organized medicine.” (Canada: Health System History)

In 1966, the federal government passed the Medical Care Act, with federal cost sharing transfers to begin in 1968 to those provinces that conformed to the four conditions of “universality, public administration, comprehensiveness and portability.” By 1971 all of the provinces including Manitoba implemented universal coverage.

Throughout my formative years some of the farm-related chores included herding and milking the cows, as well as feeding the poultry and gathering eggs from the chicken coop.

The cream cheques derived from milking the cows, as well as funds from selling eggs and poultry were put to use by my parents in an era when payment was required for medical care.

Jon Bettner of Dauphin, took first place on tiebreaks in the Winnipeg Open Chess Tournament U1600 section with a score of 4/5 from three wins and two draws.

The tournament was held from Jan. 5 to 7, at the University of Manitoba with 41 players contesting the U1600 section and a further 33 playing in the higher-rated Premiere section.

When Canada was eliminated in the quarter-finals of the recently completed World Junior Hockey Championship in Sweden, there were plenty of disappointed Canadians who realized the defending champions wouldn’t even medal this year.
However, there were a few pockets here and there who were cheering loudly when the American team defeated host Sweden for the gold medal, including some, right here in the Valley.
Or should we say they were cheering on Lane Hutson, the dynamic 19-year-old defenceman from Team USA. His father, Rob Hutson, was born in Bowsman and they still have family here in the Valley, guaranteeing a strong local Hutson cheering contingent.
Hutson wasn’t just a member of Team USA, he was a key cog, playing huge and important minutes. The five-foot, 10-inch, 161-pound left-shot blueliner finished with six assists and 14 penalty minutes in the tournament (anyone who watched the tournament can attest the officiating was suspect at best). The second-round draft pick of the Montreal Canadiens was also a solid plus-eight in his plus/minus.
But most importantly, Hutson – who was born in Barrington, Ill., got to hear the American national anthem played after the final game of the tournament, and had a gold medal draped over his neck, signifying his team was the best in the world.
“It felt really good to win – to be with this team, at that moment, I couldn’t be happier,” said Hutson. “I was really part of history.”
Many observers expected a final between Sweden and the United States. These two teams, in various forms, have met each other in high-profile games over the past two years, with each claiming victories over each other – including Sweden defeating the USA in the final of the Under 18 championship two years ago.
“With our age group, the rivalry really started in the Under 18s,” said Hutson. “We were able to beat them out for the bronze last year (at the World Juniors), but beating them for the gold this year, that was the cherry on top.”
And the Americans were literally in hostile territory, as Sweden rallied around their team in a major way. The cheering was never-ending, and that was something the young Americans had to contend with.
“I don’t think I’ve ever played in an atmosphere like that before,” noted Hutson. “There was constant clapping, cheering – it was really special.”
Gold medal in hand, Hutson is now back in North America, playing with his college team Boston University. As well, Hutson has to think about his hockey future. Before the tournament, Hutson spoke with some representatives of the Canadiens, who wished him well in not just the World Championship, but the rest of his school year.
“We talked about my goals this year, and winning gold was one of them, so that’s checked off,” says Hutson.
“I also have goals with Boston University (currently ranked second in the nation behind Boston College), and that includes winning a championship with them as well,” he added. “So, they have encouraged me to keep going, as I’m going to have a lot more meaningful games coming up.”
As of early January, the soon-to-be 20-year-old Hutson has nine goals and 23 points in 16 games with Boston University – his second year with the team. The alternate captain really turned heads last year as a rookie, scoring 15 goals and adding 33 assists in 39 games. So, a Frozen Four appearance is definitely in the cards for this up-and-comer.
Hutson’s college career mirrors that of his father Rob, who after a strong junior career in the BCJHL with Bellingham, went on to star with the University of Illinois-Chicago before enjoying a long career in professional hockey.
And Lane is quite aware of his father’s roots – he spoke about spending the summer in the Valley as a youth, and has nothing but positive memories of spending time where his dad grew up.
“Dad grew up there, and when I was younger, we would go there every summer,” says Hutson. “I remember enjoying my time there – the weather was great, and my uncle had a place we would stay at with a huge garden and there was always lots to do.”
Hutson isn’t the only one following in his father’s footsteps. His older brother Quinn is a current teammate at Boston University, while his younger brother Cole is already committed to joining the team next season. Cole is also ranked to go in the first three rounds of the upcoming NHL draft as well. Finally, the youngest of the bunch, Lars, is a talented 15-year-old prospect himself.
So, with a World Junior championship in hand, a run at a national championship in the NCAA on tap this spring, and a professional hockey career on the horizon, 2024 is shaping up to be quite the year for Hutson and his family.

By Ed Stozek
For the Herald

Tuning into 630 CKRC on the transistor radio, or watching The Ed Sullivan Show on Brandon’s CKX television provided an avenue for the latest music trends by musical groups and solo artists.

While attending Grades 10 to 12 at the Elphinstone Collegiate, my classmates and I often discussed those latest trends in music. Starting a record collection became an important component in a teenager’s life.

During those high school years, the school bus dropped rural pupils off at the Oakburn Elementary School and then we boarded another school bus bound for the Elphinstone Collegiate.

When we returned to Oakburn at 4 p.m. there was just enough time to run to the post office, pick up the mail and then catch the school bus home.

One day a magazine advertising the fabulous benefits of joining a record club came in the mail. Mail-order record clubs like Columbia House and the Capitol Record Club offered amazing super-cheap albums. Both companies offered a generous sign on promotion of a given number of records for one cent providing that the applicant agreed to purchase the same amount of records in the next 12 months.

On a monthly basis each club produced a magazine roughly the size of a letter-sized sheet folded in half featuring small sized pictures of all the current album selections. Without reading the fine print, I promptly filled in the pertinent information to receive my long-playing records. Several weeks later my “free” albums came in the mail. It was too good to be true.

Ordering the required records as part of the contract agreement wasn’t cheap. Along with paying $4.98 per record there were additional shipping and handling fees. One also had to respond each month to the club selection notice or else automatically receive the recommended album of the month and be charged for it. To make a long story short, my parents were not very pleased with my record club membership obligations. The matter was eventually resolved when the “free” records were sent back to the company.

The Columbia Record Club was formed in 1955 by CBS/Columbia Records as an experiment to market music directly by mail. It spurred sales to many rural customers.

As recording formats evolved, 8-track tapes, cassette tapes and finally CDs were added. If a family didn’t initially own a record player, Columbia had an interesting marketing scheme with an opportunity for one to enjoy the newest dimension in recorded music-stereophonic sound. “If you join under the terms outlined you can receive the Columbia Stereo Phonograph, a $39.95 value for only $7.95 pus postage for shipping and handling.”(Columbia Record Club advertisement)

”To begin a membership, simply select a stereo record at $4.98. Indicate your choice on the attached postage paid card.”

Along with the $7.95 record player fee a total bill of $12.93 was charged. Upon receipt of payment the record player was automatically shipped. Thankfully I already had a record player.

The experiment used by Columbia House to gauge the public’s response to marketing music through direct mail was very successful reporting 128,000 members in its initial year of operation. Seven years later, Columbia House had delivered 7 million records to its members and accounted for 10 per cent of all sales in the recorded music industry. 1975 marked more than 3 million members. In the 1980s the company created the Canadian Music Club and the CBS Video Library expanding their selections to include VHS videos of television shows. Videos accounted for half of their sales.

By 1990 Columbia House had shipped 1 billion records to consumers. At the end of the decade there was a significant decline in sales due to competitors such as Amazon. Columbia House was unable to compete with digital streaming music and in 2010 ceased selling music, turning its focus to DVDs. In 2015 the company filed for bankruptcy protection.

As a thank-you for a recent purchase using Amazon, I received a “join today” e-mail noting that I was eligible for a 90-day free trial of Amazon Music Unlimited with access to millions of songs, always ad-free and numerous other benefits.

This time I carefully read the fine print.

By Ed Stozek
For the Herald

My sisters and I were first introduced to the three Rs in a Grade 1 to 8 country school setting.

These basic skills also inspired us to explore and appreciate a variety of reading material and art concepts.

A small room at the back part of the school housed a limited collection of library books.

My sister Adell loved to read. She noted that she read all of the books from the school library “several times over.” One year she had to miss an extended period of time from attending school due to illness. Her teacher, Mr. Kiez, stopped by for a visit at our farm house and dropped off homework and some comics. Adell really enjoyed reading the comic books.

Several years later when I attended the same one-room country school the amount of reading material at the library was still very limited.

One of my favourite books included, Scrubs on Skates, written by Scott Young. The adventures of young hockey players on a Winnipeg high school hockey team made for an interesting read. As a note of interest, author Scott Young, a Canadian journalist, sportswriter and novelist, was Neil Young’s father. I also read and reread Lost in The Barrens by another Canadian author, Farley Mowat. Following the adventures of Jamie and Awasin’s survival in the Arctic stirred a young boy’s imagination.

My sister’s collection of comic books also expanded my reading horizons. An occasional investment of a dime or a quarter netted a new comic book with an exciting story line and interesting artwork.

Along with the usual superheroes and westerns I especially enjoyed the Classics Illustrated Comic series with titles such as The War of the Worlds, Treasure Island and The Three Musketeers. Many years later my sons became avid collectors of Spiderman and Alien comics.

My comic book collection increased the day of my tonsillectomy.

On our way back from the Hamiota Hospital, my father and I stopped at the pharmacy at Shoal Lake to pick up a prescription. The pharmacist handed over some comics to help distract my pain.

None of the comics had covers. Back in the day comic books were sold to distributers and retailers on a returnable basis. This meant unsold comics could be returned for credit. To ease the cost of shipping back the whole comic book, retailers were allowed to strip off the covers and receive full credit as if they returned the entire book. Legally, the retailer was obligated to destroy the remaining copies. Some retailers destroyed the comic books while others sold them at a discounted price. In my case the pharmacist gave me some free reading material. Dennis the Menace, Tarzan and The Lone Ranger were thoroughly enjoyed.

Art was another popular activity at the one-room country school.

Typically participating in art projects occurred on a Friday afternoon. A former schoolmate of my older sister recently recalled an interesting story. Cornelia did not like to draw. For one art lesson Mrs. Ewashko handed out a sheet of paper for each student to draw on. Cornelia quickly passed the paper to Janet who was seated in the desk in front of her. Janet quickly drew a picture and passed it back to Cornelia without the teacher catching on to what was happening.

After I started to attend school, I thoroughly enjoyed the Friday afternoon art lessons and our attempt at creating a masterpiece. Drawing was a passion of mine and it was a great deal of fun to sketch some of my comic book heroes. We also did other art projects.

I recall bringing a potato from home, cutting it in half and drawing a shape on the surface of the potato. We cut out around the shape, dabbed the potato in paint and then stamped the potato on paper. We came up with some interesting designs.

Many years later I used that same art concept for one of the first Grade 6 classes that I taught in 1974-75.

Literature and art concepts initiated in the early childhood years sure did help to inspire, enrich, educate and entertain.

It’s still a great deal of fun to “doodle.”

By Ed Stozek
For the Herald

The thought of moving a heavy object conjures up images of the time when my friend Gerald helped move an upright Kawai piano.

If we had the right equipment it would have been a much easier task, nevertheless, “us two former farm boys” managed to move the piano to its new location.

During WWII pianos destined for American troops serving overseas were moved to new locations in a much different manner.

Steinway and Sons produced specially-built pianos for the American troops. Called the Victory Vertical or G.I. Steinways, pianos were crated and airdropped by parachute onto battlefields to provide musical relief and relaxation for the soldiers.

At this time all kinds of production involving metals such as iron, copper and brass that was non-essential to the war effort was prohibited by the American government because these metals were essential to manufacture guns, tanks and artillery. The instrument maker companies were affected by the new regulations. They had to alter their merchandise to comply with the new regulations and manufacture a product that the military could use or face bankruptcy while waiting for the war to end.

One of the “Big Four” piano makers, Steinway and Sons, had manufactured pianos for over 90 years. Instead of shutting down their factory, the company fabricated coffins and parts for troop transport gliders.

The Baldwin Piano Company constructed wooden airplane wings and the Gibson Guitar Company assembled wooden toys.

Although these ventures weren’t profitable, the projects enabled the companies to keep their operations running.

Steinway was rewarded when the US military granted a contract to make heavy duty military pianos for commissioned officers. By June 1942, the company workers also had designed a small upright piano, “no more than forty inches high and weighing 455 pounds, it was light enough to be carried by four soldiers. The pianos did not have legs like the usual upright models as they would not have withstood an airdrop. Each piano was treated with special anti-termite and anti-insect solution and sealed with water-resistant glue to withstand dampness.”

Ivory keys were coated with white celluloid to protect them from tropical climate conditions and soft iron was used instead of copper for windings on the bass strings. To comply with the government restrictions only 33 pounds, roughly one tenth of metal was used compared to a typical grand piano.

Along with tuning equipment and instructions, the finished products, identified by their military colours of olive, blue and gray, were packed into durable shipping crates and then dropped by parachute from a B-17 bomber.

Approximately 2,500 Victory Vertical pianos were dropped to American soldiers fighting the war in Asia, Africa and Europe.

For example, Victory Verticals were played by a dance band in the Philippines, a special service unit in Alaska and by accompanied performers from Bob Hope to violinist Isaac Stern as they toured on behalf of the United Service Organizations.

For the American troops, music gave peace of mind from the horrors of war and helped to alleviate them from being homesick. The pianos played a vital role in providing soldiers with countless hours of diversion, education, worship, enrichment and outreach.

One soldier wrote home to his family, “Two nights past we received welcome entertainment when a jeep pulling a small wagon came to camp.

The wagon contained a light system and a Steinway piano. We all got a kick out of it and sure had fun after meals when we gathered around the piano to sing. I kept smiling and even today am humming a few of the songs we sang.” (Steinway.com)

Much like the Victory Vertical or G.I. Steinway, the piano that Gerald helped me move also became an important fixture in our new house. My children spent countless hours practising their scales and test pieces for their music lessons from Mrs. Scinocca and Mrs. Borgfjord.

This past summer my friend Frank came from Edmonton for a visit. It was like old times from our university days. We congregated around the piano. I strummed my acoustic guitar and Frank “ickled the ivories.”

Like the soldiers during WWII we really enjoyed making music.

By Ed Stozek
For the Herald

During WWI and WWII the federal government sold Victory Bonds via Victory Loan campaigns to Canadian citizens, private corporations and various organizations in order to raise funds to help pay for the war.

The bonds were a loan to the government and could be redeemed with interest after five, 10 or 20 years. The Victory Bonds were released during five different campaigns between 1915 and 1919 and raised over $2 billion.

Each Victory Bond release was accompanied with a supporting poster campaign appealing to patriotic feelings to help sell the idea of helping to finance military campaigns. No bond issue in Canadian history had raised more than $5 million, however, Ottawa’s first drive exceeded all expectations.

The concept of Victory Bonds was actively reintroduced to the Canadian public two years after Canada became involved in WWII. In a radio broadcast a day after the first Victory Bond campaign was launched, Prime Minister Mackenzie King appealed to all Canadians’ patriotism and strong connections to Britain.

Canada’s minister of Finance noted, “In money alone, the war costs Canada $4 million a day, some three and one-quarter times the daily cost of the last year of the last war.” (May 29, 1941, The Dauphin Herald and Press)

An advertisement in the June 19, 1941 edition of The Dauphin Herald and Press revealed the eminent danger of a direct attack on Canadian soil. “To every mother, wife and sweetheart, beware of the vanishing Atlantic. Help keep the Front Line away from your doorstep. You can no longer depend upon the Atlantic Ocean for protection.”

Examples were given as to the possibility of a bomber flying from Greenland to the Maritimes, Quebec, Winnipeg or Vancouver. Another scenario included a bomb laden plane flying in less than 10 hours from German occupied France carrying destruction to Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal. It was also noted that the soldiers fighting in the war needed to be supplied with the tools to fight the enemy from occupying Canadian soil. Victory Bond sales were ear marked to buy more ships, planes and tanks. “Lend your money by buying Victory Bonds now! The money will come back to you with interest Lend to preserve the things money can’t buy.”

Victory Bonds were advertised as very safe loans. For example in seven and a half years a $4 bond would be worth $5. Larger investments would be worth even more. Citizens were encouraged to give their order to canvassers or by going to any branch of any bank, trust company or sending it to the local Victory Loan headquarters.

Bonds could be bought in denominations of $50, $100, $500, $1000 or higher. One could also buy in installments with 10 per cent down and the rest of the pledge in easy terms over a six-month period.

Children were also encouraged to participate. Rather than purchasing bonds, children bought War Savings Stamps each costing 25 cents. Once $4 worth of stamps were saved children could send their form to the federal government and receive a War Savings Certificate. Stamps were also made available to adults who could not afford the one-time $4 payment but still wanted to purchase a Victory Bond.

When the third Victory Loan campaign was made available in mid-October 1942, Canadian farm families were also able to invest in Victory Bonds either with cash payments or through the new Victory Tickets plan.

The Victory Ticket itself indicated a statement by a farmer that by a certain date he would deliver to a buyer that he had designated and had instructed to pay the proceeds from the sale of products such as hogs, steers or produce directly to the National War Finance committee for investment in Victory Loan bonds or War Savings certificates. Victory Loan salesmen were scheduled to come calling at farmers’ homes within the next two weeks.

The Canadian government no longer participates in the Victory Bonds program.

In 1946 the Victory Bonds program gave way to the Canada Savings Bonds with the goal of encouraging Canadians to continue their savings habits from the WWII era.

Due to various economic factors no new Canada Savings Bonds have been issued since 2017.

Will Miner, left, accepted the Norris Aitken Memorial Award from Cam Bennet at the Dauphin Clippers football team’s awards banquet, Nov. 15.

Miner also won the Offensive Most Outstanding Player Award. Riley Lobert took home the Defensive Most Outstanding Player Award, as well as sharing the Playoff Most Outstanding Player Award with Sully Fox.

Owen Tyschinski also won two awards, taking home the Offensive Line Most Outstanding Player Award and the Wellbourne Most Dedicated Award.

Declan Waggoner won the Most Improved Player from Last Season Award, while Blake Thacker won the Most Improved Player In-Season Award.

Lars Gudbjartson was the Defensive Line Most Outstanding Player Award winner and Chayne Paziuk was this year’s Rookie of the Year.

The Best New Player in Grades 11 or 12 was Ahren Lautt. Gail Henton won the Ron Rockets Family Award.

The Coach’s Choice Award went to Alexander Tomkins and the Special Teams Most Outstanding Player Award went to Cody Zurba.

In an era of transitioning from horses to automobiles it’s interesting to note some of the stories associated with these modes of transportation.

During my formative years I had the opportunity to experience actual horse power, as well as the “horsepower” from the Chevy that my father purchased in 1952.

In 1945 my parents started their farm operation in the Oakburn district. They bought four horses for $120 and bought two more the next year.

The horses provided the power to pull the farm equipment and were also utilized for the nine-mile trip to town for supplies, going to church or for visits with the neighbours.

My sister Adell recalled travelling in a cutter (open sleigh) a distance of eight miles to my grandparent’s farm near Horod for family Christmas celebrations. She also noted trips in the cutter to the annual Christmas concerts at the one room country school that she attended. On one occasion they upset the cutter when it hit a snowbank.

In 1956 a van (caboose) was purchased from a neighbour. The comfort of winter travel improved significantly. As the team of horses pulled the van, we sat inside in its heated comfort courtesy of the small box stove.

Roads were often blocked after a winter storm and travelling by car was not possible. After one bad snow storm my father and I took a trip in the van to Oakburn to get supplies and the mail. Several days later it was a welcome sight to see the rotary snow truck blowing away the huge snow drifts and making the roads car friendly again.

For the trip to town the road took a left turn to skirt around a lake. Since there was a steep incline on the sharp curve there were several instances when someone came to our house at all hours of the night to ask my father to hitch up the horses and pull out a vehicle from the ditch.

During one particular winter of heavy snow, neighbours regularly took a short cut through our farm yard and bypassed that sharp curve by going through our field. In the mid-1960s a road was constructed right across the lake and a straighter and safer route was established.

If horse power in the late 1940s wasn’t feasible for transportation then hiring a neighbour to take his car for a trip to town typically cost $2.

My mother had medical issues that necessitated procuring the services of a neighbour and his car to drive to Winnipeg for several appointments. In June 1949, on one of the medical trips to Winnipeg, my father purchased a used 1939 Pontiac for the sum of $825. My father’s records showed that the Pontiac kept breaking down. After several years of footing numerous expensive repair bills a more reliable Chevy coupe was purchased.

Along with family trips to various destinations, my father also used the new car to drive neighbours to town for supplies or for doctor’s appointments.

On Sunday afternoons my father and I occasionally went for a drive in the Chevy to John Prosak’s country store located next to Seech Lake. At the refrigerated cooler one could buy a bottled soft drink and at the counter a variety of confectionary items and canned goods were sold.

One of the store’s regulars, an old bachelor, John Grzebinski, bought the best canned meats for his array of cats while he got by on soda crackers and peanut butter.

Our Sunday afternoons usually concluded with a visit with John. If he was at the store we would give him a ride home. He was a kind gentleman farmer who lived in a clay plastered log house and was well read and well versed in history. John and my father usually spent their visit talking in Polish about politics and the homeland. John appreciated our company and occasionally gave me a quarter for spending money.

The Chevy was permanently retired and parked in the woods in 1964. At my parent’s auction sale in 1975 it was sold for $200 and it was the last time that I set eyes on the Chevy.